![]() Pareto chart: A bar graph that shows which factors are more significant. Histogram: The most commonly used graph for showing frequency distributions, or how often each different value in a set of data occurs. Comparing current data to historical control limits leads to conclusions about whether the process variation is consistent (in control) or is unpredictable (out of control, affected by special causes of variation). Quality pros have many names for these seven basic tools of quality, first emphasized by Kaoru Ishikawa, a professor of engineering at Tokyo University and the father of "quality circles." Start your quality journey by mastering these tools, and you'll have a name for them too: indispensable.ĭiagram (also called Ishikawa or fishbone diagrams): Identifies many possible causes for an effect or problem and sorts ideas into useful categories.Ĭheck sheet: A structured, prepared form for collecting and analyzing data a generic tool that can be adapted for a wide variety of purposes.Ĭontrol chart: Graph used to study how a process changes over time. "The Old Seven." "The First Seven." "The Basic Seven." In other words, they may end up solving the wrong problem.Quality Glossary Definition: Seven tools of quality Without such a visual analysis, a team may waste time brainstorming solutions to what they assume is the problem, when in fact it may only be a symptom. Conclusionīy exploiting the combined knowledge and experience of a group of people, the Ishikawa diagram helps identify cause and effect relationships in problems. The training of the personnel shows up under manpower (ineffectively trained) and procedure (not followed). The most likely causes will have the most dots. Ask each team member to place three tally marks or colored sticky dots on the fishbone next to what they believe are the root causes that could potentially be addressed. ![]() Or consider a multi-voting technique such as having each team member identify the top three root causes.To determine the ones most likely responsible for the problem: Identify Root Causes: There are usually many contributors to a problem, so an effective fishbone diagram should have many potential causes listed in categories and sub-categories.Keep asking “Why?” and generate deeper levels of causes and continue organizing them under related causes.įor the cause “Ineffectively trained”, a sub-cause can be: proficiency not demonstrated. Write sub-causes branching off the cause categories. Add root sub-causes (determine deeper causes): Again ask “Why does this happen?” about each cause.In the example above for the category “Manpower”, one possible root cause is: Ineffectively trained. Causes can be written in several places if they relate to several categories. Ask “Why does this happen?” As each idea is given, the facilitator writes the causal factor as a branch from the appropriate category. Add root causes: Brainstorm all the possible causes of the problem.Measurement/Medium: including weather, terrain, obstructions, lighting.Manpower (people): causes are in humans, people.Material: causes are in defect or material properties.Method (process): causes are in the rules, regulations, laws or standards.Machine (equipment): causes are in equipment, such as machinery, computers, tools, instruments, technology. ![]()
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